Hand Heating Lowers Postprandial Blood Glucose Concentrations: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial

Abstract Objectives Examine effect of single hand heating with and without negative pressure on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG). Design Double-blind randomized controlled trial. Subjects FBG experiment: 17 healthy subjects (4 males). PBG experiment: 13 healthy subjects (1 males). Interventions Devices included one providing heat only, one heat and negative pressure, and one acting as a sham. For the FBG experiment the devices were used for 30 minutes. For the PBG experiment the devices were used for one hour during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Outcome Measures Blood glucose measurements were used to determine change in FBG, peak PBG, area under the curve (AUC), and incremental AUC (iAUC). Results Temperature: Change in tympanic temperature was ≤ 0.15 °C for all trials. FBG: There was no effect on FBG. PBG: Compared to the sham device the heat plus vacuum and heat only device lowered peak blood glucose by 16(31)mg/dL, p = 0.092 and 18(28)mg/dL, p = 0.039, respectively. AUC and iAUC: Compared to the sham device, the heat plus vacuum device and heat only device lowered the AUC by 5.1(15.0)%, p = 0.234 and 7.9(11.1)%, p = 0.024 respectively and iAUC by 17.2(43.4)%, p = 0.178 and 20.5(34.5)%, p = 0.054, respectively. Conclusions Heating a single hand lowers postprandial blood glucose in healthy subjects.