An Inventory of Marine Benthic Macroalgae of Hainan Island, China

In this review, the results of the study of marine benthic algal flora of Hainan Island, China, during the period from 1933 to 2015 are considered. It has been found that the local floristic diversity and taxonomic composition are similar to those of macroalgae from other large islands of the Indo-Pacific, where coral reefs are the main ecosystem of the shallow-water zone. An analysis of historical (decadal) changes in the marine benthic flora of Hainan has shown the following pattern of variations in the species diversity of macroalgae since the middle of the 20th century: a decline in low-productive epilithic algae with voluminous forms of thalli and an increase in highly productive opportunistic species with filamentous, fine filamentous, and membranous forms. These historical changes are thought to be caused by human impacts: inappropriate exploitation of coral reefs and eutrophication of coastal waters due to household sewage from large cities and discharge of mariculture wastes.