Mid-infrared (MIR) metabolic fingerprinting of amniotic fluid: a possible avenue for early diagnosis of prenatal disorders?

Abstract This work describes a mid-infrared (MIR) metabolic profiling study of 2 nd trimester amniotic fluid in relation to selected prenatal disorders, with results focusing on fetal malformations (FM), preterm delivery (PTD) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM), the latter two conditions occurring later in pregnancy. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were obtained for FM and pre-PTD subject groups, supported by Monte Carlo Cross Validation (MCCV), and identified specific MIR profile changes. For pre-PROM subjects, minor changes were noted. MIR interpretation was assisted by intra- (MIR/MIR) and inter- (MIR/NMR) domain statistical correlation analysis, the results unveiling possible biomarker MIR signatures for FM and pre-PTD subjects. Biofluid MIR metabolic profiling holds enticing possibilities as a low cost, easy to use, rapid method and the results presented have shown its sensitivity to clinically diagnosed conditions such as FM, and to the pre-clinical stages of PTD. Specific improvement needs are discussed, namely regarding sample numbers and experimental reproducibility.