Global Longitudinal Strain and Strain Rate in Type Two Diabetes Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Relevance to Osteoprotegerin

BACKGROUND: Biomechanical stress and inflammatory biomarkers relate to global contractility dysfunction; however, adding these biomarkers into a risk model constructed on clinical data does not improve its prediction value in chronic heart failure (CHF). AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether biomarkers predict declining of left ventricular global contractility function in diabetic patients with ischemia-induced CHF. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study retrospectively evolved 54 diabetic patients who had systolic or diastolic ischemia-induced CHF that was defined as left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% or 46-55% respectively assessed by quantitative echocardiography and other conventional criteria according to current clinical guidelines. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging were performed according to a conventional method. Radial, longitudinal, and circumferential strain and strain rate values were obtained by speckle-tracking Imaging analysis of both LV short axis and long axis views. Serum adiponectin, NT-pro brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), osteoprotegerin, and hs- C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined at baseline by ELISA. RESULTS: We found lower global longitudinal strain and strain rate in diabetic patients with LVEF <45% than these in diabetic patients that did not have LVEF (Р=0.001 for all cases). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NT-proBNP (r=0.432; P=0.001 and r=0.402; P=0.001, respectively), osteoprotegerin (r=0.422; P=0.001 and r=0.401; P=0.001, respectively), hs-CRP (r=0.408; P=0.001 and r=0.404; P=0.001, respectively) were independently inversely associated with global longitudinal strain and strain rate in CHF patients. CONCLUSION: We suggest that osteoprotegerin may be useful in improving the NT-proBNP based model as predictor of decreased global contractility function in diabetic patients with CHF.