Cognitive Function in Patients With Prostate Cancer Receiving Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analogues: A Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Study

Purpose The effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on cognitive performance (CP) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients is not well understood. We evaluated changes in CP after 6 months of medical castration with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues. Methods and Materials We performed a prospective, observational, multicenter, open-label study of PCa patients scheduled to receive LHRH analogues for ≥6 months. We assessed 4 domains of CP at baseline and after 6 months of ADT: ( 1 ) working memory, assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III (WAIS III) Digit Span subtest; ( 2 ) visual memory, assessed with an ad hoc visual memory test; ( 3 ) visuospatial ability, assessed with the Judgment of Line Orientation test and Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects test; and ( 4 ) nonverbal analytical reasoning, assessed with the WAIS III Matrix Reasoning test. Changes outside the baseline 95% confidence intervals were considered significant. Results A total of 308 patients completed the study. Of these, 245 (79.6%) experienced no statistically significant changes on any test whereas 63 (20.4%) experienced significant changes on ≥1 test. Most of these patients showed a change on only 1 test, distributed evenly between improvement (58 patients, 18.8%) and worsening (56 patients, 18.2%). For individual tests, most patients (87.8%-91.8%) had no change from baseline; however, the significant changes (improvement vs deterioration) were as follows: WAIS III Digit Span subtest (6.3% vs 5.9%), visual memory (5.3% vs 5.7%), Judgment of Line Orientation test (5.3% vs 4.5%), Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects test (4.1% vs 4.1%), and WAIS III Matrix Reasoning test (4.8% vs 5.8%). Conclusions CP in patients with PCa does not appear to be adversely affected by 6 months of LHRH analogue administration.