Nanocellulose and nanohydrogel matrices as sustainable biomass materials: structure, properties, present status, and future prospects in construction and other engineering

Abstract Excellent properties and high performance of the nanostructured materials increase their demand as these nanostructured materials have the potential to improve the materials’ performance dramatically. It is known that materials having at least one dimension in the range from 1 (1×10−9 m) to 100 nm (100×10−9 m) could be considered as nanomaterial and nowadays naturally obtained nanomaterials are gaining attention for developing innovative bio-based materials. Researchers, scientists, and industrialists are now focusing more on products that are nonpetroleum-based, carbon neutral, and made from sustainable and renewable resources. Naturally obtained cellulosic material is one of the most popular and widely used materials that have been used by our society since long and are continuously used worldwide in several industries such as paper, textile, and packaging.