A study on delay-sensitive cellular automata

Abstract Classically, in cellular automata, no delay in information sharing among the neighbouring cells is considered. However, this assumption is not generally true for natural complex systems (such as physical, biological, social systems) and distributed systems where information sharing (non-uniform) delay cannot generally be ignored. Moreover, sometimes in complex and distributed systems, messages are lost, which makes the system non-deterministic. In this context, the effect of (non-uniform) delay and probabilistic loss of information during information sharing between neighbours in the dynamics of elementary cellular automata and Game of Life is presented in this study. We study the wide variety of results, which include the study of phase transitions , for both the elementary cellular automata and Game of Life using a statistical experimental approach.