Association between surgical volume and post-operative mortality and survival after surgical resection in lung cancer in Belgium: A population-based study

Abstract Objectives The existence of a relationship between hospital surgical volume and outcome after lung cancer surgery remains an ongoing debate. We aimed to evaluate the association between volume and 60-day mortality, 1- and 3-year observed survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in Belgium. Methods Patients diagnosed with NSCLC in 2010–2011 were identified in the database of the Belgian Cancer Registry, excluding patients with multiple tumours. Regression models were applied to assess the relationship between hospital surgical volume, 60-day mortality and 1- and 3-year OS, adjusting for different patient and tumour characteristics. Surgical volume was taken into account as a continuous variable in the models. Results In 2010-2011 a total of 9,817 patients with NSCLC were diagnosed in Belgium and 2,084 of them underwent surgery. After adjusting for patient and tumour characteristics, a relationship between hospital surgical volume and patients’ outcome was found. Postoperative mortality and survival improved with increasing annual surgical volume up to 10 interventions. However, no further gain in outcome has been observed above 10. While the 60-day postoperative mortality is 3.5% for hospitals with an annual volume larger than 10, the predicted mortality rate for a hospital with an annual volume of only 5 interventions is 6.5%. Similar results were observed for 1- and 3-year OS. Conclusion In Belgium, a higher hospital surgical volume is associated with improved outcome in NSCLC patients after surgical resection. Minimally 10 surgical interventions per year seem to be required to achieve an optimal performance.