Electron-rich phosphines in organic synthesis. II. Catalytic applications

A literature survey of the uses of tertiary phosphine ligands in a variety of catalytic organic reactions, with 231 references, is presented. In addition to separate discussions on several specific phosphine ligand catalyzed reactions, a brief overview of phosphine ligand design along with basic methods for their preparation and some physical properties are also discussed. Where possible, the relative advantages of alkyl and aryl phosphines in these often industrially important organic reactions are compared.