Down‐regulation of cardiac lineage protein (CLP‐1) expression in CLP‐1 +/− mice affords cardioprotection against ischaemic stress

In order to understand the transcriptional mechanism that underlies cell protection to stress, we evaluated the role of CLP-1, a known inhibitor of the transcription elongation complex (pTEFb), in CLP-1 +/− mice hearts. Using the isolated heart model, we observed that the CLP-1+/− hearts, when subjected to ischaemic stress and evaluated by haemodynamic measurements, exhibit significant cardioprotection. CLP-1 remains associated with the pTEFb complex in the heterozygous hearts, where as it is released in the wild-type hearts suggesting the involvement of pTEFb regulation in cell protection. There was a decrease in Cdk7 and Cdk9 kinase activity and consequently in phosphorylation of serine-5 and serine-2 of Pol II CTD in CLP-1 +/− hearts. However, the levels of mitochondrial proteins, PGC-1α and HIF-1α, which enhance mitochondrial activity and are implicated in cell survival, were increased in CLP-1+/− hearts subjected to ischaemic stress compared to that in wild-type CLP-1+/+ hearts treated identically. There was also an increase in the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK-1), which facilitates cell adaptation to hypoxic stress. Taken together, our data suggest that regulation of the CLP-1 levels is critical to cellular adaptation of the survival program that protects cardiomyocytes against stress due collectively to a decrease in RNA Pol II phosphorylation but an increase in expression of target proteins that regulate mitochondrial function and metabolic adaptation to stress.