Stress Distribution on Edentulous Mandible and Maxilla Rehabilitated by Full-Arch Techniques: A Comparative 3D Finite-Element Approach
2011
In this paper biomechanical interaction between osseointegrated dental implants and bone
is numerically investigated through 3D linearly elastic finite-element analyses, when static
functional loads occur. Influence of some mechanical and geometrical parameters on bone
stress distribution is highlighted and risk indicators relevant to critical overloading of bone
are introduced. Insertions both in mandibular and maxillary molar segments are analyzed,
taking into account different crestal bone loss configurations. Stress-based performances of
five commercially-available dental implants are evaluated, demonstrating as the optimal
choice of an endosseous implant is strongly affected by a number of shape parameters
as well as by anatomy and mechanical properties of the site of placement. Moreover, effectiveness
of some double-implant devices is addressed. The first one is relevant to a partially
edentulous arch restoration, whereas other applications regard single-tooth restorations
based on non-conventional endosteal mini-implants. Starting from computer tomography
images and real devices, numerical models have been generated through a parametric
algorithm based on a fully 3D approach. Furthermore, effectiveness and accuracy of
finite-element simulations have been validated by means of a detailed convergence
analysis.
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