Multidisciplinary treatment of synchronous primary rectal and prostate cancers

Background A 58-year-old Caucasian man with a history of irritable bowel syndrome and occasional rectal bleeding presented with a 4-week history of progressive, bright red blood per rectum. A digital rectal examination revealed a 3 cm distal, midrectal mass. Laboratory tests showed an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen of 32 ng/ml but other physical and medical examinations were unremarkable. Investigations Digital rectal examination, colonoscopy, rectal mass biopsy, endorectal ultrasound, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, CT scan and MRI. Diagnosis Clinical stage III (T3N1M0), moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum and clinical stage II (T1cN0M0) adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Management Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, chemoradiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and surgery.