Preparation method of starch nanometer microspheres based on ionic liquid-type surfactant microemulsion system

The invention discloses a preparation method of starch nanometer microspheres based on ionic liquid-type surfactant microemulsion system. The method comprises the following steps: firstly adding dried soluble starch into a sodium hydroxide solution and stirring and heating and stirring to be dissolved completely; cooling the obtained solution to room temperature and then adding cyclohexane, an ionic liquid-type surfactant and an auxiliary surfactant until the solution is clear, so as to prepare a water-in-oil ionic liquid microemulsion; adding epoxy chloropropane into the formed water-in-oil ionic liquid microemulsion to react at 40-60 DEG C for 2-6 hours, cooling the solution after completion of the reaction, adding absolute ethyl alcohol to deposit, centrifuging, removing supernate, washing deposits and drying to obtain the starch nanometer microspheres. The starch nanometer microspheres are small in particle sizes, large in surface areas, high in colloid stability and excellent in adsorption performance. Furthermore, the starch nanometer microspheres are also excellent in degradation performance and biocompatibility, so that the starch nanometer microspheres are applicable in fields of drug carrier materials and cosmetics.