New approaches to biological dosimetry: development of complex biodosimetric systems (review of foreign literature)

Relevance. In case of emergency due to large-scale radiation accidents, biological dosimetry becomes a critical tool for early radiation dose assessment and enables identification of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation and facilitates further medical follow-up decisions. Intention. To assess the feasibility of a number of biological markers for bioindication and biodosimetry purposes based on literature data. Methodology. Literature sources were searched in MEDLINE databases, PubMed, CyberLeninka, elibrary.ru, using the terms: radiation, irradiation, biodosimetry. The review presents the results of studies from full-text sources of literature in English. Results and Discussion. Depending on an accidental exposure scenario, various biodosimetry techniques should be used to assess radiation doses with optimal accuracy and speed. In addition to physical methods and clinical techniques used to assess radiation doses, biological dosimetry defines a level of ionizing radiation exposure for certain individuals and is useful in making decisions about medical treatment strategy. To date, combined use of several biological markers within a biodosimetry system providing reliable radiation dose estimates. Conclusion. Analysis of the data presented in the review showed that combined use of several biological markers and development of a complex biodosimetric system will provide a more accurate estimate of doses, which is especially important in case of radiation accidents and incidents when physical dosimetry data are not available.