Adapting land restoration to a changing climate: Embracing the knowns and unknowns

Key messagesLand restoration will happen under climate change and different knowledge systems are needed to navigate uncertainties and plan adaptation.The emergence of novel ecosystems presents a challenge for land restoration; they harbor unknown unknowns.This brief presents key research linking land restoration and societal adaptation and an example of a practical framework for transformative adaptation.It also proposes questions that can guide stakeholders in exploring different change narratives for adaptation and restoration planning.