Pengaruh Varietas dan Kekeringan terhadap Persentase Polen Terwarnai dan Hasil Padi (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstrak. Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan tanaman pangan utama masyarakat di Indonesia. Namun dengan meningkatnya populasi penduduk dan pola pemikiran masyarakat yang terbiasa makan satu jenis makanan saja maka kebutuhan beras meningkat sementara jumlah lahan persawahan semakin berkurang. Hal ini menjadi masalah tersendiri.         Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2016 sampai Februari 2017. Alat yang digunakan adalah tray, ayakan, gergaji, cangkul, pot, kertas label, gunting, timbangan, meteran, timbangan analitik, cover glass, objek glass, mikroskop, petridis, oven, lemari es, spatula, termos es, pipet, pinset, erlenmeyer, kertas label, gelas ukur, amplop sampel, alat tulis, kamera. Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah benih padi varietas Situ Patenggang, Pula Gajah, dan Sanbei yang diperoleh dari laboratorium benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, tanah ultisol, pupuk (Urea, SP36, dan KCl), larutan Kalium Iodide 1%, dan aquades. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 2 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan. Adapun Parameter yang diteliti yaitu persentase polen terwarnai, jumlah anakan produktif, panjang malai, persentase gabah bernas dan hampa, berat gabah berisi per rumpun, berat 1000 butir, dan potensi hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kekeringan berpengaruh nyata terhadap potensi hasil. Sedangkan, varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah malai produktif, persentase gabah berisi, persentase gabah hampa dan potensi hasil dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah gabah berisi permalai, dan berat gabah berisi permalai. Varietas dengan persentase polen terwarnai tertinggi pada varietas sanbei demikian juga dengan potensi hasil. Terdapat interaksi yang tidak nyata antara varietas dan kekeringan terhadap persentase polen terwarnai dan hasil padi. The Influence of Varieties and Drought on the Percentage of Stained Pollen and Yield of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Abstract. Rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food crop for the people in Indonesia. However, with the increasing population and patterns of thought of the community who are accustomed to eating only one type of food, then the needs of rice increased while the number of rice fields is on the wane. This became a problem of its own. This research was conducted in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University Darussalam Banda Aceh. This research was conducted in the month of December 2016 to February 2017. The tools used were a tray, sieves, saws, hoes, pots, paper labels, scissors, scales, meter, analytical scales, cover glass, objects glass, microscope, Petri dish, oven, fridge, spatula, ice thermos, pipette, tweezers, Erlenmeyer flask, paper label, measuring cup, envelope samples, stationery, and cameras. While the materials used in this research were the rice varieties seeds of Situ Patenggang, Pula Gajah, and Sanbei which were obtained from the seed laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Ultisols soil, fertilizer (Urea, SP36, and KCl), a solution of Potassium Iodide 1%, and distilled water. The experimental design used in this research was Randomized Block Design (RBD) factorial pattern 2 x 3 with 3 replications. The parameters studied were the percentage of stained pollen, the number of productive tillers, the panicle length, the percentage of pithy and empty grains, the weight of the containing grains per clump, weight of 1000 grains, and yield potential. The results showed that drought significantly affected the yield potential. Whereas, varieties significantly affect the number of productive panicles, the percentage of containing grains, the percentage of empty grains and yield potential, and also significantly affect the amount of containing grains per panicle, and the weight of the containing grains per panicle. Variety with the highest percentage of stained pollen was on the Sanbei variety, as well as with the yield potential results. There were indirect interactions between varieties and drought on the percentage of stained pollen stained and the yield of rice.