Transformation of Salted Vineyard Soils under the Influence of Changes in Regional Meteorological Parameters

Studies have been carried out to identify trends in the transformation of the properties of saline and solonetzic soils in vineyards under changing regional weather conditions with intensive agricultural use. The tendency to increased aridity of the climate of the Anapa-Taman region against the background of alternating wet and dry periods was revealed. The previously noted increase in the average amount of summer precipitation and the average annual precipitation due to large deviations from the average values of the previous period led to the formation of a negative linear trend in the course of precipitation during the last 20 and 30 years. At the same time, a statistically significant increase in air temperature was observed in almost all cases. Changes in the soil properties of the key area with grape plantations under the influence of modern regional meteorological parameters were revealed. A comparative analysis of the structure of the soil profile demonstrated that there was a reduction in all studied soils of the amount of absorbed bases by 4–22%, primarily due to the decrease in exchangeable calcium, increasing the amount of salt by 5.8–149.2% compared to the study performed in 1982. The change in the salt composition was also revealed in soils: a decrease in the proportion of bicarbonates and an increase in the proportion of chlorides and sulfates were noted. The salt composition of southern deep solonetzic chernozems was most susceptible to change in the lower part of the soil profile, and southern medium-solonetzic chernozems mainly changed in the central part of the soil profile (at a depth of 120–130 cm). The revealed tendency to increased aridity of the climate of the Anapa-Taman region against the background of alternating wet and dry periods will contribute to the intensification of the processes of salt redistribution in saline and solonetzic soils under vineyards.