Metabolomics Using 1H-NMR of Apoptosis and Necrosis in HL60 Leukemia Cells: Differences between the Two Types of Cell Death and Independence from the Stimulus of Apoptosis Used

Abstract Rainaldi, G., Romano, R., Indovina, P., Ferrante, A., Motta, A., Indovina, P. L. and Santini, M. T. Metabolomics Using 1H-NMR of Apoptosis and Necrosis in HL60 Leukemia Cells: Differences between the Two Types of Cell Death and Independence from the Stimulus of Apoptosis Used. Radiat. Res. 169, 170–180 (2008). High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy was used to examine and compare the metabolic variations that occur in cells of the HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line after induction of apoptosis by ionizing radiation and the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin as well as after induction of necrosis by heating. Apoptosis and necrosis were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy using the chromatin stain Hoechst 33258, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA, and determination of caspase 3 enzymatic activity. The 1H-NMR experiments revealed that the spectra of both samples containing apoptotic cells were characterized by the same trend of several important metabolites. Specifi...