Advanced Heart Failure in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract As a result of improvements in care for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), >90% of children born with CHD are expected to survive to adulthood. For those adults, heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of death. Advances in recognition of, and treatments for, these patients continue to improve. Specifically, adults with CHD are candidates for both heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support. However, challenges remain that require investigation to improve outcomes.