Modern alongside traditional taxonomy—Integrative systematics of the genera Gymnangium Hincks, 1874 and Taxella Allman, 1874 (Hydrozoa, Aglaopheniidae)
2017
We studied the diversity within the former genus Gymnangium in the South West Indian
Ocean by using an integrative approach of both traditional (morphology-based) and modern
molecular taxonomy. Nine species were recorded in the material collected. A total of 97 16S
mitochondrial DNA sequences and 54 Calmodulin nuclear sequences from eight Gymnangium/
Taxella species were analyzed. We found both morphological and molecular differences
in the studied Gymnangium species that make it necessary to split the genus. It is
proposed to revalidate the genus Taxella which is currently regarded as a synonym of
Gymnangium. Two species of the genus Taxella (T. eximia and T. gracilicaulis), until now
regarded as distinct species based on morphological characteristics, cluster together in one
phylogenetic clade. Possible explanations are discussed. Two species from Madagascar
new to science are herein described and rare species from the Indian Ocean islands are redescribed.
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