A fogyatékosok gondozásának egészségügyi és pedagógiai dimenziói a védőnői tevékenység tükrében

Osszefoglalas Bevezetes: Hazakban a fogyatekkal elok szama evrol evre novekvo tendenciat mutat a diagnosztika fejlodesenek koszonhetoen. Egyre gyakrabban fordul elo, hogy a gyermek valamilyen fogyatekossaggal, serulessel jon a vilagra. Statisztikai adatok bizonyitjak, hogy a szuletes utani (posztnatalis) karosodasok szama sem csokken jelentosen. Az eltero fejlodes felismereseben es a fogyatekos gyermek gondozasaban kiemelkedo szerepe van a vedononek, aki megfelelo klinikumi es pedagogiai ismeretekkel is rendelkezik e tevekenysegek megvalositasahoz. Celkituzes: Kutatasi celom, hogy feltarjam, a vedono milyen mertekben vesz reszt az eltero fejlodes felismereseben, a fejlesztomunka tamogatasaban, valamint az intezmenyes egeszsegfejlesztesben. Modszer: Vizsgalatomat Bacs-Kiskun es Csongrad megye 5 telepulesenek specialis tantervu altalanos iskolaiban vegeztem 2005-ben. Ezen iskolakba jaro, kulonbozo foku ertelmi fogyatekossaggal elo gyermekek szuleit kerdeztem meg (n=101), valamint ezen iskolakban dolgozo vagy dolgozott vedonoket kerestem fel (n=10). Vizsgalatomban az irasbeli kikerdezest alkalmaztam a kerdoiv eszkozevel. A kerdoiv zart es nyitott kerdeseket tartalmazott. Az adatok feldolgozasa az alapstatisztikai probak segitsegevel tortent. Eredmenyek: A megkerdezett szulok es vedonok ertekrendszeruk elsodleges elemenek tekintik az egeszseget. Ennek megovasa erdekeben 51%-uk tesz bizonyos lepeseket. Az eltero fejlodes felismerese 65%-ban masfel eves kor utan tortenik. Az elterest elsokent eszlelo szakemberek kozul megemlitendo a pedagogus (33%-ban), az orvos (23%-ban), valamint a vedono (10%-ban). A szulok 31%-a tobb vagy sokkal tobb segitseget var gyermeke gondozasaban, neveleseben vedonojetol. A vedonok sajat elmondasuk szerint nem rendelkeznek elegendo es megfelelo szakismerettel az eltero fejlodesu gyermekek gondozasahoz, ezert igenylik a kepzest. Kovetkeztetesek: A vedonok gondozasi tevekenyseguket szemelyre szabottam - differencialtan - vegzik. Az eltero fejlodesu gyermekek fokozott gondozast igenyelnek, de nem csupan 6 eves korukig, hanem ezen tulmenoen, az oktatasi intezmenybe lepve is. A szulok igenyeinek, elvarasainak megfeleloen a vedonoi tevekenyseg terjedjen ki a csalad, az ovoda es az iskola szinterere egyarant. Amennyiben e celok megvalosulnak, elerhetjuk, hogy a serult gyermekek is zokkenomentesen beilleszkedjenek a tarsadalomba, kialakuljon pozitiv onertekelesuk. Summary : Introduction: Due to the diagnostic development the number of people living with deficiency has a growing tendency in our country. It occurs more and more that the child is born with a deficiency or a damage. Statistics prove that the postnatal (after birth) damages are not significantly decreasing either. In the recognition and nursing children with deficiency the health visitor plays an outstanding part, who has accurate clinical and pedagogical knowledge to fulfil this task. Aim: The aim of my research is to discover the role of the health visitor in the recognition of deficiency, in the support of development and in the institutional health development. Method: My examination was taken place in 2005 in 5 settlements of Csongrad County in primary schools with special curriculum. In these schools the parents of the children with different mental deficiency level were asked (n=101) as well as the health visitors and former health visitors (n=10). In my examination the written testing was applied with the help of a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of open and closed questions. The evaluation of the data was occurred with the help of basic statistical tests. Results: The parents and health visitors in question consider health as the primary element of their value system. Their 51% takes steps in order to protect it. The 65% of recognition of deficiency takes place after the age of one and a half year . The experts first recognising the deficiency are the teacher (33%), the doctor (23%) and the health visitor (10%). The 31% of the parents expect more or much more help from their health visitor in connection of their children's nursing and education. According to the health visitors they do not have adequate and sufficient professional knowledge at their disposal to nurse the diversely developed children, therefore they require training. Conclusions: The health visitors perform their nursing work differentiated. Diversely developed children require different nursing but not only till the age of 6, but after that in the educational institution as well. According to the parental requirements the health visitor's work must reach the family the kindergarten and the school as well. If these aims materialize we can reach that the damaged children can settle into the society without problem, and their positive self-esteem could emerge.