A Generalized Method for Calculating Strain for a Circular Cross-Section Specimen Subject to Axial Force and Bending

A theoretical analysis was performed with multiple-point measurements of the bending strain distribution along the circumferential cross section of a cylindrical alignment cell. A simple and general equation for representing the maximum bending strain was developed to unify the expression of bending strain. Also, both the general equation for the net bending contributions, due, respectively, to the testing machine and the specimen and the equation for the general orientation angle after separation of the testing machine component and the specimen component are provided.