Six months training alone or combined with diet alters HOMA-AD, HOMA-IR and plasma and adipose tissue adiponectin in obese women.

OBJECTIVE: We investigate the effect of 6 months aerobic training alone or in combination with diet on adiponectin in circulation and in adipose abdominal tissue (AT) in obese women. METHODS: Twenty obese subjects were randomized into a 24 weeks intervention: 1) training (TR) and 2) training and diet (TRD). Blood samples were collected at baseline, after 12 wk and 24 wk. AT biopsies were obtained only at baseline and after 24 wk. RESULTS: In the TRD group the fat loss was after 12 wk –13.74% ( p<0.01) and after 24 wk –21.82% (0.01) with no changes in the TR group. After 12 and 24 wk, VO2max was increased by 21.81–39.54% ( p<0.05) in the TRD group and 18.09–40.95% in the TR group (0.05). After 12 wk, plasma adiponectin was raised only in the TRD group (55.8%, p<0.05). After 24 weeks, circulating adiponectin was elevated by 110.4% ( p<0.01) in the TRD group and by 27% ( p<0.05) in the TR group. In AT biopsies, subjects in the TRD and TR groups exhibited a significant increase in adiponectin ( p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). The two indices HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD for assessing insulin resistance were strongly affected by protocols. HOMA-IR decreased ( p<0.05) only after 24 wk in the TRD group. HOMA-AD increased in both groups after 12 ( p<0.05) and 24 wk (0.01). CONCLUSION: Six months chronic aerobic exercise alone or combined with diet result in a significant increase in circulating and adipose tissue adiponectin levels in obese women independent of changes in body composition and/or in HOMA-IR.