Cross-specific markers reveal retention of genetic diversity in captive-bred pygmy hog, a critically endangered suid

As part of the species recovery plan for the critically endangered pygmy hog (Porcula salvania), a conservation-breeding program was initiated, to bolster its wild population. For successful conservation-breeding, it is essential to maintain 90% of the founder genetic diversity over time. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the genetic diversity of a captive population of pygmy hog across generations using a set of ten, cross-specific microsatellite markers. Our results indicated a genetically heterozygous captive population (HE = 0.603), with stable expected heterozygosities across generations. However, the most recent generation showed a significant decrease in individual heterozygosities, implying possible genetic inbreeding. The current findings warrant a need for genetic evaluation to inform future conservation-breeding decisions. In addition, we also designed and tested primers for PCR-based species and sex-identification in the pygmy hog. The markers standardised in the present study would also help in evaluating the survival and ecology of the reintroduced populations.