Difftrain: A Novel Approach to a True Spectroscopic Single-Scan Diffusion Measurement

Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) has gained considerable attention over the past decade as a useful tool for calculating diffusion-related parameters or in the analysis of complex (reaction) mixtures. A major drawback of the established methods are the relatively long recording times needed to acquire the spectra, excluding the monitoring of rapidly progressing reactions and (hence) measurements of less stable components. In order to overcome these shortcomings a new pulse sequence, Difftrain, has been developed. The sequence involves stimulated echo attenuation, multilow flip angle excitation, and multiple sampling of the FID during the longitudinal storage. The calculated diffusion parameters obtained by Difftrain were compared with those obtained by the established sequence BPPSTE (bipolar pulse pair stimulated echo) and were in good agreement. For systems with moderate to good signal-to-noise ratios the Difftrain building block yields significant saving in recording time (single-shot acquisition instead of acquiring n-different gradients strengths), thus opening up new applications in nonequilibrium systems and screening of compositions and/or interactions of (larger) compound arrays.