EU’s Migration Partnership with Africa: Friends or Foes? The EUTF – an externalization instrument of migration policies

1. Introduction ; 1.1. General considerations ; 1.2. A migration-related country profile: Mali and Niger ; 1.2.1. Mali ; 1.2.2. Niger ; 1.2.3. Mali and Niger: different contexts, yet a common EU approach ; 2. Literature review ; 2.1. EU policy developments ; 2.2. Externalization ; 2.3. Irregular migration from the African continent towards the EU: a literary perspective ; 2.4. EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa ; 3. Research methodology ; 3.1. Research focus ; 3.2. Research strategy ; 3.3. Research design ; 3.4. Cases studies design ; 3.5. Data collection and analysis ; 3.5.1. Desk research ; 3.5.2. Conducting interviews ; 3.5.3. Direct (participant) observation ; 3.6. Research quality indicators ; 4. The EU Trust Fund in Mali and Niger ; 4.1. The EU Trust Fund: origin and evolutions ; 4.2. EUTF in the Sahel and Lake Chad ; 4.3. EUTF in Mali ; 4.3.1. General context ; 4.3.2. The PARSEC Project ; 4.3.3. The GAR-SI project ; 4.3.4. Project on ‘Strengthening the management and governance of migration, return and durable reintegration in Mali’ ; 4.4. The EUTF in Niger ; 4.4.1. General considerations ; 4.4.2. The Joint Investigation Teams ; 4.4.3. ‘Strengthening the management and governance of migration and durable return in Niger (Sustainable return from Niger – SURENI) IOM project ; 4.4.4. Contract related to the reconstruction of the Nigerien State / Support to Justice, Security, and Border Management in Niger ; 4.5. Considerations on the EUTF projects in Mali and Niger ; 5. Findings ; 5.1. The EUTF’s impact on migratory flows from Mali and Niger: a quantitative analysis ; 5.2. Findings from interviews ; 6. Conclusions and Recommendations ; 6.1. Conclusions ; 6.2. Recommendations