Sensory cortex hyperexcitability predicts short survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objective To investigate somatosensory cortex excitability and its relationship to survival prognosis in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods A total of 145 patients with sporadic ALS and 73 healthy control participants were studied. We recorded compound muscle action potential and sensory nerve action potential of the median nerve and the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), and we measured parameters, including onset-to-peak amplitude of N13 and N20 and peak-to-peak amplitude between N20 and P25 (N20p-P25p). Clinical prognostic factors, including ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised, were evaluated. We followed up patients until the endpoints (death or tracheostomy) and analyzed factors associated with survival using multivariate analysis in the Cox proportional hazard model. Results Compared to controls, patients with ALS showed a larger amplitude of N20p-P25p in the median nerve SEP. Median survival time after examination was shorter in patients with N20p-P25p ≥8 μV (0.82 years) than in those with N20p-P25p p = 0.0002, log-rank test). Multivariate analysis identified a larger N20p-P25p amplitude as a factor that was independently associated with shorter survival ( p = 0.002). Conclusion Sensory cortex hyperexcitability predicts short survival in patients with ALS.