Approach to Oral and Enteral Nutrition (PN) in Adults

1. General characteristics 1.1 Nutritionally complete/incomplete formulae 1.2 Low, normal and high energy formulae 1.3 Whole protein formulae 1.3.1 Standard formulae 1.3.2 High energy formulae 1.3.3 High protein formulae 1.4 Peptide-based formulae 1.5 Free amino acid formulae 1.6 Ingredients of enteral formulae 2. Disease-specific formulae 2.1 Diabetes formulae 2.2 Liver formulae 2.3 Renal formulae 2.4 Pulmonary formulae 3. Immune-modulating formulae 4. The individual effects of single special nutrients: 4.1 ω-3 fatty acids 4.2 Arginine 4.3 Glutamine