Antihuman leukocyte antigen antibody-induced autoimmunity: role in chronic rejection.

Purpose of review We provide evidence for the role of de novo development of immune responses to self-antigens in the post-transplant period and its possible induction by alloimmunity in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection following lung, heart and kidney transplantation. This review details recent findings for the two distinct yet inter-dependent immune processes in the immune-pathogenesis of chronic rejection.