Synthesis and Piezoelectric Properties of Li, Ca and Mn-codoped BaTiO3 by a Solvothermal Approach

3 at.% Li-doped (Ba1-xCax)(Ti1-yMny)O3 particles with the Ca2+ mole fraction, x, of 0?0.09 and Mn mole fraction, y, of 0 and 0.0005 were synthesized by a solvothermal approach at 200?C. The products consisted of nanoparticles of 50?100 nm in diameter, and did not change very much depending on the amount of Li, Ca and Mn-codoping. The change in relative dielectric constant, ?r, in around room temperature decreased by doping Ca2+, and the lowest ?r (4.51%) could be realized at x value of 0.03. The mechanical quality factor, Qm, of 3 at.% Li-doped (Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Ti0.9995Mn0.0005)O3 increased to 521, and ?r decreased to 1.72%, while the piezoelectric constant, d33 (234pC/N), and electromechanical coupling factor, kp (40.0%), did not change very much compared with 3 at.% Li-doped BaTiO3.