Safety of Early High-Dose Recombinant Erythropoietin for Neuroprotection in Very Preterm Infants.

Objective To investigate the safety and short term outcome of high dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) given shortly after birth and subsequently over the first 2 days for neuroprotection to very preterm infants. Study design Randomized, double masked phase II trial. Preterm infants (gestational age 26 0/7-31 6/7 weeks) were given rhEpo (n t  = 229; 3000 U/kg body weight) or NaCl 0.9% (n c  = 214) intravenously at 3, 12-18, and 36-42 hours after birth. Results There were no relevant differences between the groups for short-term outcomes such as mortality, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. At day 7-10, we found significantly higher hematocrit values, reticulocyte, and white blood cell counts, and a lower platelet count in the rhEpo group. Conclusions Early high-dose rhEpo administration to very premature infants is safe and causes no excess in mortality or major adverse events. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00413946.