Indirect Soil Parameters in Monitoring Growth Karst Formations

Karst voids in soils are dangerous for upstream buildings, structures, and roads. Although it is possible to provide constructive protection against existing karsts during construction, they can greatly increase and cause an emergency during operation. In this regard, the goal of the work was to determine an effective way to monitor the possible growth of karsts. To do this, we analyzed the existing relationships between soil parameters and the size of the karst cavity. A calculation was based on them and carried out with changing conditions of pressure in the soil mass and pressure from the structure. In addition, a simulation of the building model on the ground with karst was performed to highlight the card effect, in contrast to the influence of surrounding buildings and earthworks on the surface. As a result, we found that it is possible to track the growth of karst in layer-by-layer pressure measurements in the soil using pressure sensors. To highlight the influence of karst, it is necessary to obtain data from all soil layers, but layers close to the surface are more important. It was also revealed that monitoring of the growth of karsts is effective only in the case of low-rise buildings and structures and roads, because the proposed method does not give reliable results with significant loads.