A single-output model for the dynamic design of constructed wetlands treating combined sewer overflow

Abstract Constructed wetlands treating combined sewer overflow (CSO CWs) are vertical flow filters in France, with outflow limitation and detention basin. Treating storm-generated flows reduces pollutants and flow peaks entering natural waters. Storm-generated flows are stochastic and therefore optimized CSO CW design requires a dynamic approach, i.e., a modelling software targeting engineers. Therefore a new tool, called Orage, was developed. Orage consists of a core model, an iterative shell and a user interface. It optimizes dimensions and materials of CSO CWs site-specifically, based on inflow series and a low number of input parameters. The core model simulates hydraulics and TSS, COD and NH 4 -N removal. Manual fitting of the core showed good results with a single load. The same parameters gave satisfying accuracy when simulating load series with closed material balance. Sensitivity analysis confirmed model robustness and justified coupling with an automatic shell algorithm for automatic optimization, based on a single output.