Effect of Electrolyte Concentration on the Surface Properties of Nanoporous TiO 2 Layers Formed on Micro-roughened Titanium

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of electrolyte concentration on the surface morphology, surface topography, wettability and surface roughness of nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) layers. Titanium (Ti) samples were treated by sandblasting and acid-etching processes. TiO 2 layers were formed on sandblasted/acid-etched titanium in electrolytes containing different HF concentration (% 0.25-2). The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface roughness and the wettability of the samples were measured using proilometry and a contact angle measurement system. The samples, which were anodized after sandblasting/acid-etching treatment had amorphous structure and peaks from the substrate were observed. The results showed that with increasing HF concentration, the surface morphology of the samples were significantly changed. All the treated samples exhibited hydrophilic properties.