Epidemiologic evaluation of acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) in infants hospitalized

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To characterize the epidemiological profile of AVB and to identify prognostic factors of clinical complications of infants admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 61 infants with a clinical diagnosis of AVB admitted to the PICU from June/2016 to July/2017. All infants were followed up during the hospitalization period for clinical and laboratory data collection. In addition, it was carried out an interview with the mothers or legal guardians to obtain socioeconomic information and morbid antecedents. RESULTS: Mean age was 6.9 months, the length of PICU stay was 8.4 days, the prematurity rate was 27.9%, 62.7% presented anemia, and the presence of household smoking 56.7%. Pneumonia (34.4%) and atelectasis (26.2%) were the most prevalent clinical complications. In addition, pneumonia was associated with hospitalization time longer than seven days (OR=3.91, p=0.020), severe dyspnea on admission (OR=3.75, p=0.020), and thinness (OR=3.54, p=0.040). None associations were observed for atelectasis. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological data presented in this study can be applied to the improvement of actions targeting ABV control actions in infants, not only by the identification of the prognostic factors associated with pneumonia but also especially by the necessity to provide greater attention and care to infants with AVB who are thinness and present severe dyspnea on admission to the PICU. DESCRIPTORS: Pneumonia. Atelectasis. Prematurity. Thinness. RESUMO OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiologico da bronqueolite viral aguda (BVA) e identificar fatores prognosticos de complicacoes clinicas de lactentes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva pediatrica (UTIP). METODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo com 61 lactentes com diagnostico clinico de BVA internados na UTIP no periodo de junho / 2016 a julho / 2017. Todos os lactentes foram acompanhados durante o periodo de internacao para coleta de dados clinicos e laboratoriais. Alem disso, foi realizada entrevista com as maes ou responsaveis ​​legais para obtencao de informacoes socioeconomicas e antecedentes morbidos. RESULTADOS: A idade media foi de 6,9 ​​meses, o tempo de internacao na UTIP foi de 8,4 dias, a taxa de prematuridade foi de 27,9%, 62,7% apresentavam anemia e a presenca de tabagismo domestico foi de 56,7%. Pneumonia (34,4%) e atelectasia (26,2%) foram as complicacoes clinicas mais prevalentes. Alem disso, a pneumonia foi associada a tempo de internacao superior a sete dias (OR = 3,91, p = 0,020), dispneia grave na admissao (OR = 3,75, p = 0,020) e magreza (OR = 3,54, p = 0,040). Nenhuma associacao foi observada para atelectasia. CONCLUSAO: Os dados epidemiologicos apresentados neste estudo podem ser aplicados no aprimoramento das acoes direcionadas as acoes de controle da BVA em lactentes, nao apenas pela identificacao dos fatores prognosticos associados a pneumonia, mas principalmente pela necessidade de maior atencao e cuidados aos lactentes com BVA magros e apresentam dispneia intensa na admissao na UTIP. DESCRITORES: Pneumonia. Atelectasia. Prematuridade. Magreza.