Neutralization of Multiple Staphylococcal Superantigens by a Single-Chain Protein Consisting of Affinity-Matured, Variable Domain Repeats

Staphylococcus aureussecretes various toxins that act as superantigens by stimulating a large fraction of the host’s T cells. Toxin binding to variable domains of T cell receptor β chains (Vβ) leads to massive release of inflammatory molecules and potentially to toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Previously, we generated soluble forms of different Vβ domains with a high affinity for binding superantigens. However, a broader spectrum antagonist is required for the neutralization of multiple toxins. In the present study, we expressed Vβ domains in tandem as a single-chain protein and neutralized the clinically important superantigens staphylococcal enterotoxin B and TSS toxin–1 with a single agent.