Simulated tissue loads for testing of transcutaneous electrical stimulators

Sensory and motor threshold excitation from a human study with a constant voltage source were used to develop ideal simulated loads for monophasic, biphasic and amplitude modulated waveforms to test transcutaneous electrical stimulators. A comparison with resistive loads or the AAMI standard load was made, indicating that the ideal forearm loads can more accurately represent the human loading condition. >