EVALUACIÓN DE LA EFICACIA DE LA ATENCIÓN FARMACÉUTICA EN PACIENTES CON DERMATITIS ATÓPICA

RESUMEN Introduccion: La dermatitis atopica es una enfermedad inflamatoria y cronica de la piel que afecta en gran medida a la calidad de vida de los pacientes de la padecen. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la atencion farmaceutica en pacientes con dermatitis atopica diagnosticada, valorando su impacto sobre la sintomatologia y la adherencia al tratamiento. Metodos: Se realizo un estudio experimental longitudinal prospectivo en 50 pacientes con dermatitis atopica no controlada, llevando a cabo una actuacion farmaceutica individualizada basada en tres estrategias: educacion sanitaria, seguimiento farmacoterapeutico, e intervencion sobre el cuidado dermocosmetico. Se evaluo la sintomatologia y la adherencia al tratamiento farmacologico de cada paciente, y su evolucion tras la intervencion. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante el test estadistico de McNemar, confirmando que el 79,17% de los pacientes graves y el 92,30% de los casos moderados mejoraron significativamente tras la intervencion. El valor obtenido del estadistico (Z=3,49) indico que las variables intervencion farmaceutica y mejora del paciente no eran independientes, siendo la primera la causa de la segunda. Al inicio del estudio, el 42% de los pacientes eran incumplidores, mientras que al final del mismo solo el 23,81% lo eran. Conclusion: Este estudio demuestra que la atencion farmaceutica, y mas concretamente el seguimiento farmacoterapeutico, son herramientas utiles y necesarias para reducir la sintomatologia y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con dermatitis atopica. PALABRAS CLAVE: dermatitis atopica; atencion farmaceutica; intervencion farmaceutica; eficacia. ABSTRACT Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory and chronic skin disease that greatly affects the quality of life of patients suffering from it. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmaceutical care in patients with diagnosed atopic dermatitis, assessing its impact on symptomatology and adherence to treatment. Methods: A prospective longitudinal experimental study was conducted in 50 patients with uncontrolled atopic dermatitis, and an individualized pharmaceutical action was carried out based on three strategies: health education, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, and intervention on the dermocosmetic routine. The symptomatology and adherence to the pharmacological treatment of each patient, and their evolution after the intervention were evaluated. Results: The data obtained were analyzed by means of the McNemar statistical test, confirming that 79.17% of the serious patients and 92.30% of the moderate cases improved significantly after the intervention. The value obtained from the statistic (Z = 3.49) indicated that the variables pharmaceutical intervention and patient improvement were not independent, the former being the cause of the latter. At the beginning of the study, 42% of the patients were noncompliant, while at the end of the study only 23.81% were noncompliant. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that pharmaceutical care, and more specifically pharmacotherapy follow-up, are useful and necessary tools to reduce symptomatology and improve the quality of life of patients with atopic dermatitis. KEY WORDS : atopic dermatitis; pharmaceutical care; pharmaceutical intervention; effectiveness.