Economic Contribution of Duck Production Systems in Banten Province, Indonesia

A study on duck production systems was conducted in Banten Province, Indonesia. The objective of the study was to assess the economic contribution of duck production systems for smallholders' livelihood. Four duck production systems were distinguished in the research area; a fully yarded-small scale system (DPS 1), a fully yarded-large scale system (DPS 2), a combination of yarded and scavenging system (DPS 3) and a combination of herded, scavenging and yarded system (DPS 4). Primary data was gathered from 43 respondents using a questionnaire. The economic parameter such as costs, benefits, gross margin and income contribution from each duck production system were calculated. Data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test. From the result, the highest family labor time was in DPS 4 (7.0±0.48 hours/hh/day) and the lowest was in DPS 2 (2.0 ± 1.00 hours/hh/day). Compared to other systems, DPS 2 had the highest labor cost (14,400 ± 4,800 (thousand IDR/year)) and gross margin (131,875.65 ± 28,152.85 (thousand IDR/year)). In Banten Province, duck production systems contributed to smallholders' livelihoods. In some cases, it only gave a small contribution (DPS 3) or even negative contribution (DPS 1) to the households' income. In other cases, it resulted in good output (DPS 2 and DPS 4).