Рівень аполіпопротеїну А1 у хворих на цукровий діабет і коморбідні захворювання на тлі COVID-19

Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) in plasma is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In addition to its potential cardioprotective function, HDL and ApoA1, the main HDL apolipoprotein, also have antidiabetic properties. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the level of ApoA1 in the blood of patients (n=81) with diabetes, COVID‑19, other comorbidities, as well as the effect of hypoglycemic drugs on apolipoprotein levels. Material and methods. ApoA1 was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Elabscience, USA). The measurements were performed at an optical wavelength of 450 nm. Results. The level of ApoA1 in the blood of patients with diabetes and especially with COVID‑19 was significantly lower than in the blood of healthy people. The level of ApoA1 is affected by comorbidities. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, chronic renal failure and arterial hypertension lead to a probable decrease in blood lipoprotein levels. Treatment with metformin, either in combination with other drugs (mainly insulin) or as monotherapy, does not significantly affect the level of ApoA1 compared to the entire group average. In patients treated with sulfonylurea, the level of ApoA1 is significantly lower than the average level for the group and the norm. A significant positive effect on the amount of ApoA1 in plasma was observed in patients treated with a combination of drugs with sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and especially dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors. Possible mechanisms of apoA1 decrease in COVID‑19 and diabetes are discussed. Conclusion. Thus, the level of ApoA1 may be one of the promising markers of severe COVID‑19.