Epimacular Brachytherapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (CABERNET)

Purpose To report the fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) results of a clinical trial of epimacular brachytherapy (EMBT) used for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design Pivotal multicenter, active-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Participants A total of 494 participants with treatment-naive, neovascular AMD. Methods Participants with classic, minimally classic, and occult lesions were randomized to receive (a) EMBT and 2 mandated monthly ranibizumab injections followed by pro re nata (PRN) ranibizumab or (b) 3 mandated monthly ranibizumab injections followed by mandated quarterly plus PRN ranibizumab. Participants underwent FA at screening and at months 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24. Optical coherence tomography scans were undertaken monthly for 24 months. The FA and OCT images were analyzed at respective independent reading centers. Main Outcome Measures Change at 24 months in mean FA total lesion size and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) size and change in mean OCT centerpoint thickness. Results The mean (standard deviation) changes in FA total lesion size in the EMBT and control arms were +1.9 (8.7) and −3.0 (7.2) mm 2 , respectively, with a mean change in total CNV size of +0.4 (8.4) and −4.7 (6.5) mm 2 , respectively. Mean (standard deviation) changes in OCT centerpoint thickness were −144 (246) and −221 (185) μm, respectively. Retrospective subgroup analyses showed no significant difference between treatment arms in mean centerpoint thickness in some subgroups, including eyes with classic lesions. The control arm showed a significantly larger reduction in mean total lesion size and mean CNV size than the EMBT arm in all subgroups analyzed. Nine eyes in the EMBT arm showed features consistent with mild, nonproliferative radiation retinopathy, but with a mean gain of 5.0 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters. Conclusions Both FA and OCT suggest that EMBT with PRN ranibizumab results in an inferior structural outcome than quarterly plus PRN ranibizumab. Some subgroup analyses suggest that classic lesions may be more responsive than occult lesions, although generally both subgroups are inferior to ranibizumab. A non–vision-threatening radiation retinopathy occurs in 2.9% of eyes over 24 months, but longer follow-up is needed. Financial Disclosure(s) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.