Un cas rare d'aspergillome volumineux développé au sein d'une lésion de fibrose pulmonaire secondaire à une sclérodermie systémique chez une malade immunocompétente à Madagascar A rare case of huge aspergilloma developed within a lesion of pulmonary fibrosis secondary with a systemic scleroderma in an immunocompetent patient in Madagascar

We report a rare case of a huge aspergilloma deve- loped within a bronchiectasis due to pulling by a pulmonary fibrosis of systemic scleroderma. The patient is a 58-year-old woman presenting a deterioration of the general state asso- ciated with repeating hemoptysis, dyspnea, dysphagia, scle- rodactylia, generalized cutaneous sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon. There was no antecedent pulmonary tuberculo- sis. The patient had a pulmonary arterial hypertension com- plicated by a chronic pulmonary heart at the stage of right cardiac decompensation. Aspergillosis serology was positive and the immunological assessment confirmed scleroderma. The computed tomography showed a huge oblong opacity in a small round bell shape ("signe du grelot" ,M onad's sign) in the left upper lobe developed within a bronchiectasis, and a bilateral pulmonary fibrosis. Although surgery remains the recommended treatment of an aspergilloma, the manage- ment of our patient was medical in front of contra-indication for surgery. The evolution was marked by repeating hemop- tysis and stability of the pulmonary lesions 2 years later. The management of this entity remains difficult and complicated; the prognosis is in general unfavourable and depends at the same time on the evolution of scleroderma and the aspergil- loma infection. To cite this journal: Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 104 (2011).