Posterior tractional membranes following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for retinopathy of prematurity.

PURPOSE To report two cases of tractional membrane formation following treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in infants with stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS Retrospective review of electronic medical record for historical information, clinical exam documentation, and imaging from fundus photography, retinal ultrasonography and fluorescein angiography. PATIENTS Two patients with stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity, previously treated with laser therapy and intravitreal bevacizumab, were referred to our institution for tractional membranes. The first case is of a male infant with zone II disease that progressed to stage 4A with evidence of inferotemporal tractional retinal detachment only in the left eye. The second case is of a male infant with stable zone I disease with an epiretinal membrane in the left eye. RESULTS Pars plicata vitrectomy and membranectomy were required for both cases due to concern for subsequent tractional retinal detachment. CONCLUSION Formation of tractional retinal membranes has been associated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. These cases describe the formation of posterior tractional membranes after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. This potential ocular outcome should be considered when determining treatment plans for retinopathy of prematurity.