Efecto nematicida y fungicida de extractos hidroalcohólicos de Piper lapathifolium y P. melastomoides

The Piper has been shown to have biocidal effects on different organisms harmful to agriculture such as  phytopathogenic  nematodes  and  fungi.  Because  most  of  these  organisms  are  controlled  or erradicated with toxic chemical compounds, less toxic alternative have been sought to replace them, included  natural  extracts,  such  as  those  of  Piper.  In  this  sense,  the  present  work  evaluated  the namaticidal and fungicidal effect of the hydroalcoholic extracts (ETOH: H2O 7: 3) of Piper lapathifolium and P. melastomoides. The nematicidal effect was determined in Panagrellus ridivivus in a 24-hour trial and the Mean Lethal Concentration (LC50)  was estimated. The fungicidal effect was evaluated in Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani, by the plate dilution test. The Average Effective Concentration (EC50) was shown by the Probit model. The results showed that  P. melastomoides presented a nematicidal effect at levels lower than 5 mg / ml with an LC50 of 2.32 mg / ml, in the case of P. lapathifolium it did not present activity in the nematodes, in the case of the fungicidal activity this extract (EC50: 26.32 and 5.83 mg / mL), whereas P. melastomoides exhibited lower activity. It is concluded that P. melastomoides has a nematicidal effect and P. lapathifolium fungicide.