Improving CME Forecasting Capability: An Urgent Need

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are not only a major driver of intense geomagnetic storms but also a major contributor to solar radiation storms from solar energetic particles (SEPs). Accurately predicting CMEs is crucial. Forecasting ability, however, remains limited. There is still much to be done, including exploration of better models and their real-time implementation feasibility, as well as testing of model performance, as we seek better predictions.