Low-temperature synthesis of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 nanocrystals by hydrothermal method

The Bi4Ti3O12 nanocrystals were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and NaOH was used as a pH-adjusting agent. The effect of reaction temperature on formation and morphologies of Bi4Ti3O12 nanocrystals was investigated. The single-phase Bi4Ti3O12 nanocrystals were prepared at 140–220 °C. As the Bi4Ti3O12 nanocrystals were synthesized at 140 °C, it consisted of the fine grains with 10–30 nm grain size. With increasing the reaction temperature, the flake-like Bi4Ti3O12 grains were formed and grew up. At high reaction temperatures (200–220 °C), they mainly consisted of the flake-like grains.