Image classification with Local Directional Decoded Ternary Pattern

This paper presents an efficient handcrafted texture operator for texture modeling and classification. The proposed descriptor, referred to as local directional decoded ternary pattern (LDDTP), consists in encoding both directional pattern features and contrast information in a compact way based on local derivative variations. The proposed operator first computes for each pixel within its $3\times 3$ overlapping square neighborhood, on the one hand, central edge response through the 2nd derivative of Gaussian filter, and on the other hand, eight directional edge responses using the eight Frei-Chen masks to capture more detailed information. Then, spatial relationships among the neighboring pixels through the generated edge responses are exploited independently with the help of the concepts of LTP and LDP operators to enhance the discriminative power. Finally, the produced LDDTP pattern is splitted into two distinct parts: local directional decoded ternary pattern lower ( $LDDTP_{L}$ ) and local directional decoded ternary pattern upper ( $LDDTP_{U}$ ), which are combined into hybrid distributions to form the final LDDTP feature descriptor. Experimental results on eight publicly available texture datasets showed that the proposed LDDTP descriptor achieves classification performance, which is competitive or better than several old and recent state-of-the-art LBP variants.