Passive/active resonant coupler (PARC) platform with tapered passive waveguide

There is a need for integrating various active and passive devices on a single substrate to increase the functionality of optical modules [1-4]. One of the methods is to use regrowth for creating a low-loss passive waveguide butt-coupled to the active waveguide [1]. Besides being a complex technology, issues like low-loss coupling over multiple runs is still a challenge. A second technique used for integration is selective area growth [2]. In general, this technology does not allow for freedom in the design of the various layer thickness and bandgaps of the integrated waveguides. Quantum well interdiffusion [3] has also been used for integration by altering the bandgaps of the waveguides but also suffers from a lack of freedom in waveguide design and in the selection of the proper bandgaps.