Spin-Orbit-Coupled Interferometry with Ring-Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates
2018
We propose a method of atom interferometry using a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate with a timevarying
magnetic field acting as a coherent beam splitter. Our protocol creates long-lived superpositional
counterflow states, which are of fundamental interest and can be made sensitive to both the Sagnac effect
and magnetic fields on the sub-μG scale. We split a ring-trapped condensate, initially in the mf ¼ 0
hyperfine state, into superpositions of internal mf ¼ 1 states and condensate superflow, which are spinorbit
coupled. After interrogation, the relative phase accumulation can be inferred from a population
transfer to the mf ¼ 1 states. The counterflow generation protocol is adiabatically deterministic and does
not rely on coupling to additional optical fields or mechanical stirring techniques. Our protocol can
maximize the classical Fisher information for any rotation, magnetic field, or interrogation time and so has
the maximum sensitivity available to uncorrelated particles. Precision can increase with the interrogation
time and so is limited only by the lifetime of the condensate.
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