On Recording, Processing and Interpretation of Low Magnification Electron Holograms

In 1948 D. Gabor introduced electron holography, a new microscopic principle to record amplitude and phase of an electron wave.129 In one of his following publications he discussed the possibility of improving the point resolution of electron micrographs by applying holography to correct for the spherical aberration of the objective lens.130,131 Phase images obtained from electron holograms contain easily accessible information usually lost by conventional electron microscopy. Therefore, many problems in materials science were already solved by interpreting the reconstructed electron phase6,25,292,296,314,356 before Orchowski et al.329 succeeded in 1995. in improving the point resolution by holography.